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Abstract

This study explores climate-responsive design in domestic architecture, focusing on the application and effectiveness of passive strategies across various climatic regions, including the UK, hot-arid, tropical, and cold climates. A qualitative comparative case study method was used to explore different passive design strategies, integration of sustainability, procurement, the coordination of stakeholders, and compliance with regulations in residential architectural projects under varying climate conditions. Drawing from a combination of historical case studies and original architectural projects, the research evaluates how spatial configuration, material selection, solar orientation, shading, ventilation, and insulation are optimized to achieve thermal comfort and energy efficiency. In temperate maritime climates like the UK, strategies emphasize airtight construction, high-performance insulation, and mechanical ventilation, in compliance with regulatory frameworks such as the UK Building Regulations Part L and the Future Homes Standard. By contrast, international case studies demonstrate context-sensitive approaches such as wind towers, open courtyards, elevated structures, and thermal massing tailored to local conditions. Through comparative analysis, the research highlights how regulatory constraints, climatic variables, and traditional design practices shape passive architecture. The findings reinforce that passive design enhances energy efficiency and occupant comfort and supports long-term climate resilience. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable architecture by offering adaptable, regulation-aware passive design models that can be implemented globally, especially in domestic settings aiming to reduce operational carbon emissions while enhancing indoor environmental quality.

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