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Abstract

The optimization of structural and thermal performance in building components is a key challenge in sustainable construction, particularly in hot climate regions like Libya. Hollow clay bricks are widely used due to their local availability and affordability; however, their internal geometry is often not optimized for thermal resistance or mechanical integrity. This study addresses this gap by numerically investigating the effect of cavity geometry on the load-bearing capacity and thermal insulation performance of hollow clay bricks. Three configurations were analyzed, including two commercial designs from the Libyan market and a newly proposed arched cavity design. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were performed using ANSYS to assess both structural and thermal behavior under realistic boundary conditions. The results showed that the arched cavity design significantly reduced stress concentrations and improved mechanical performance compared to traditional models. Thermally, the optimized design achieved lower heat transfer rates, especially when combined with insulation materials such as polyisocyanurate (PIR). The proposed configuration improved both structural efficiency and energy performance. These findings contribute to the development of energy-efficient, structurally sound wall systems using local materials, and offer practical insights for sustainable building design in arid climates.

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